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r/optionsr/options· u/TheInkDon1· 8 天前 27

我对CSP(以及一点CC;即轮动策略)的看法

投资者摘要中性

作者以SOXX为例解释了轮动策略,通过卖出平值有现金担保的看跌期权来产生每周收益。

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大家好,有人在聊天中问我关于卖出看跌期权、保证金和行权分配的看法,我回复的内容有点长,所以我觉得其他人可能也能从中获得一些启发。如果你对 covered put(CSP)已经比较熟悉,就不用看了。

TL;DR: 只在你本来就想买入的标的上卖出 CSP。"高溢价"不是投资逻辑。如果被行权,就按成本价卖出看涨期权来平仓,或者在 30 末值处卖出以保留股份。重复这个过程。

我做期权交易已经有五年多了,这并不意味着我是什么专家,但我几乎尝试过所有你能想到的期权操作方式,也经历过各种不同的市场情境。在开始发表看法之前,先让大家了解一下我的背景:我今年 62 岁,是一名核工程师,从 1992 年起就开始投资、交易和参与股市。我曾持有共同基金、股票、ETF,而过去两三年里,主要专注于期权交易。

你可能知道,卖出 CSP 是期权中最简单的操作之一,每个人都应该从这里开始(当然,有些人可能更适合从看涨期权开始,稍后我会谈到这一点)。

假设你现在喜欢 SOXX,因为它在过去三个月上涨了 88%,你想分一杯羹。(顺便说一句,我始终推荐 ETF:比个股更安全。)

你可以直接买入它,也许能在接下来的三个月里赚到 88% 的收益。

但如果你本来就要买它,为什么不直接在平值位置卖出一个 CSP 呢?而且我说的是真正的平值,也就是正好在当前价格附近。

来看一下:

SOXX 上周五收盘于 639.45,我们暂且算作 640。(我知道它很贵,但请跟着数学计算走,然后套用到你感兴趣的标的上。)

下个星期五的 640 看跌期权中间价是 23.30。

这笔交易的回报率是多少呢?

就是 23.30 除以你必须持有的 $640(每股)的保证金金额(除非你有保证金账户,否则可能只需 1/3 到 1/5 的保证金;要善用这一点,但别过度使用)。

那就是 3.6%。一周内。对于一个你本来就会买的标的来说。

这就是看跌期权的一个应用场景:在你本就打算买入的标的上卖出看跌期权。

另一个应用场景是让你的资金产生回报。

如果你每周都卖出一个平值 CSP,且从未被行权,那我们是不是可以乘以 52 周?基本上是这样,至少能让你感受一下实际回报有多高。年化收益率可达 189%。

这比 SOXX 每 3 个月 88% 的涨幅大吗?远远不是。但如果这种节奏持续下去(虽然我知道“历史业绩不代表未来表现”):连续四次 88%(不复利),总共是 352%。嗯,还是直接买股票更划算。

但等等,还记得保证金吗?它会降低你的购买力效率(或你经纪商叫它什么名字)。假设你有 4:1 的杠杆,那么你每周 3.6% 的回报就可以乘以 4,因为券商只冻结你资金的四分之一。于是变成 每周 14.4%。突然之间,这比 3 个月内赚 88% 还要高。

但要注意,这个杠杆双刃剑,务必小心使用,并且真正理解其原理。

我在前面给出了很多关于回报率的数学细节,但我希望你能看到它的威力,尤其是当你拥有保证金账户时。

在你本就打算买入的标的上卖出看跌期权,比直接买入更好。因为你是在拿钱买股。

如果 SOXX 本周收盘低于 640,你就会在那个价位买入,但你本来就会在 640 买入,所以……有什么区别吗?

现在看看你的成本基准(CB):行权价减去权利金 = 640 - 23.30 = 616.70。这相当于 3.6% 的折扣。(和之前一样的数字。)

所以,如果你本来就想买 SOXX,那么无论周五的结果如何,你都处于更有利的位置:要么没被行权,这一周赚了 3.6%;要么被行权了,你在 3.6% 的折扣价买入了 SOXX。

如果股价最终低于你的成本基准呢?那又怎样!你本来就想买它。

现在重新评估你对 SOXX 的观点:如果你不相信它会反弹,那就把它卖掉。(当然,你是通过卖出看涨期权来实现的;稍后我会详细说明。)

但人们每次在 CSP 上出问题,都是因为说:“我其实也不介意在 640 买入 SOXX。”

你看出来差别了吗?

"我想买 XYZ,因为……" 和 "这个权利金太诱人了,我其实也不介意在 xx.xx 买入 ZYX" 完全不是一回事。

但当它真的被行权并低于你的成本基准时,你会后悔的,我向你保证。

如果你想在像 IONQ 这样波动率高达 109% 的标的上卖 CSP,那就尽管去吧,平值位置本周能赚 4.8%。但别在它像 6 月初那样暴跌 22% 时哭诉。那 ~5% 的 CSP 收益根本无法缓冲 22% 的亏损。

然后你该怎么办?是继续持有,认为它是优质标的,迟早会反弹(就像 SOXX 那样)?

还是带着 17% 的亏损割肉离场?

或者试图在成本基准附近卖出看涨期权,结果却只能拿到远低于每周 5% 的收益?

卖出看跌期权的核心在于:真正相信这只股票是你愿意买入的。 因为你有时真的会被迫买入,所以你必须接受这个结果。

关于行权的一点小提醒:如果你还没经历过,第一次或前几次确实会让人紧张。但请记住:你并没有真正亏掉 64,000 美元(SOXX)或更多(如果你用了保证金;如果没有,那你实际上已经付了 64,000 美元买下这些股票)。

你真正需要承担的风险,只是行权价与周一开盘价之间的差额。

所以周一如果你想,可以直接按市价卖出这些股票,立刻回到零状态。

或者也可以选择继续持有,毕竟这本来就是你的计划:你本来就想买这些股票。

一旦被行权,就在成本基准处卖出看涨期权 并且你会得到一笔钱来退出(本周 SOXX 可以赚到 3.4%),或者在 30 末值左右卖出,如果你还想保留股份并参与潜在上涨。

而看涨期权(CC)是期权交易中最安全的操作。你不可能比单纯持有股票做得更糟。上方唯一可能发生的情况就是,你被迫以某个你后来可能会后悔的价格卖出股票。

不要这样做:你已经和市场达成了协议,市场也接受了你的报价。

回头再看看跌期权部分,可以用同一个标的,也可以换别的。

这正是我之前提到的——有些人可能更倾向于从 Covered Call 开始。原因可能是他们已经持有一手或多手股票,且不介意在某个价格卖出。

和看跌期权一样,看涨期权的主要用途也是:卖出你已持有的股票,并因此获得报酬。(将你选定行权价的权利金除以现价,即可得出该周期的回报率。)

同样地,看涨期权的另一个用途是通过权利金获取回报。如果股票在这个过程中被卖出,也没关系,你可以再卖出一个看跌期权,要么是为了增持更多股份(那就平值卖出),要么是为了获取回报(这时可以考虑在 30 末值处卖出)。

我刚才以周度合约为例,是为了展示可能的回报率,但我们最好还是遵循“TastyTrade”的做法,即卖出 30-45 天到期的期权。他们建议两边都用 30 末值,但我会在看跌期权这边选择平值,在看涨期权这边选择成本基准,因为我想要最大化回报。而且我特别偏好 30 天,甚至在周末时也会选择 4 周/28 天,为的是在周一设置交易。

但卖出看跌期权时,一定要确保:这是你真心想拥有的标的。不要让高波动率和由此带来的高权利金,主导你的决策。我以 SOXX 为例,它不算特别波动(尽管本周隐含波动率是 77%),理论上你通过卖出 CSP 可以实现 189% 的年化回报,甚至可能一整年都没买过一股。

这就是我自己的做法。

祝大家安全交易,

亚特兰大的 Mike

讨论 · 高赞评论15 条精选
u/Next-Trainer3341 5· 7 天前

One thing I've noticed is that many premium sellers spend a lot of time thinking about assignment, but not as much time thinking about concentration risk.

Getting assigned isn't necessarily the problem if you're happy owning the stock. The bigger issue is often finding yourself heavily exposed to a name that just experienced a major change in fundamentals.

Some of the biggest losses I've seen weren't caused by assignment itself, but by selling puts on stocks people were comfortable owning at one price and much less comfortable owning after a 30-40% decline.

u/lepus-parvulus 5· 7 天前

In my opinion, not good enough to be willing to own the stock. Not good enough to want to own the stock. The stock has to be \worth\ owning.

u/TheInkDon1 3· 7 天前

Sounds like you're doing okay with it as a newbie to CSPs.

$5.00 + $1.60 on a $30 Put means your CB is 23.40, and with MRAM at 27.11, you're profiting 3.71 on the position so far.

Not knowing how many DTE you had on the first Put, if I assume a full month, and now you're in for another month, then 6.60/30 = 22% over 2 months

A rate of 11% per month, which of course is well over 100% apy.

I'm not condoning MRAM with its 140% IV as a Wheeling candidate, just laying out the math in case you haven't thought of it in percentage terms.

Be good.

u/General_NEARD 3· 7 天前

Exactly how I see it. Only open CSPs if you were going to buy anyway. Even better if it’s more premium than something else you’d buy

u/Sufficient-Flan1565 3· 7 天前

Great write up. What would you do if let’s SOXX drops 15% in a week or even more which is entirely possible. Normally, soxx doesn’t have this much IV it’s just rn because of the semis run. ETFs don’t in general gave great IV I think

u/TheInkDon1 5· 7 天前

You're right that ETFs don't normally have great IV, and I'm guilty here of kind of combining 2 or more different concepts.

I buy 80-delta long Calls about a year out as stock substitutes (then sell CCs against them, for the PMCC); that's almost strictly all I do. And I'm long SOXX with about 150k because I like it a lot right now.

So when I was looking for an example CSP for the guy I was chatting with, I went there. Mostly because I recommend ETFs to everyone over individual stocks, but partly because I knew its IV was high so its premiums were good. I'm guilty of wanting something a little more dazzling than, say, SPY or QQQ. (But to be fair to QQQ, it's paying 66% apy ATM for Weekly CSPs.)

Okay, so what to do if SOXX drops 15% in a week?

First, I looked back, and the worst I've seen in the past year (June 3rd to June 5th) was 12.3%, so to assume 15% in a week is possible isn't too far off.

Generally I'll keep holding.

And why? Because I'm holding a LEAPS Call at 80-delta or more a year out (I roll out if they ever get inside 365 days).

So then it's a matter of asking myself, "Do I think Semis will be higher a year from now?" And the answer to that is almost always going to be Yes.

2022 wasn't a good year, and if you'd bought on 11Jul24 you'd have been down a little a year later.

But generally I evaluate the same as I would if I held shares, and always owning a year's worth of time really helps with that.

Now, I do have a rule where if the underlying ticker for one of my LEAPS Calls gently rolls over and is worth today what it was worth a month ago (so it's flat or down; the ticker, not the Call), then I'll sell it.

But if it's a big single-week drop (AND it's an ETF), then generally I'm holding and waiting for recovery.

u/TastyTrading 2· 2 天前

You can definitely use ThetaPal to buy/sell or whatever you prefer. I do both tbh.

For buying I would setup an AI market scanner on the site for something like

“Find me blue chip stocks on the big movers list that have increasing options volume and GEX levels”

Or something to this effect for whatever you want to keep close eye on. I have a whole bunch of different ones I run

u/TastyTrading 2· 2 天前

i use ThetaPal to find all my wheel stocks and manage them in the dashboard as well. I filter the IV leaderboard down by volume usually to find high quality blue chip stocks that aren't going anywhere anytime soon. then i slowly get into positions on them.

I also run the AI market scanner to slowly keep eyes on all my favorite names and market sectors at night for me so that I dont miss anything that I want when it gets cheap or has proper PE ratio that meets my criteria in my scanner.

u/Mysterious_Vast_8889 2· 3 天前

Sorry it’s MRAM.

I will use that screener for sure.

July 24 26 570 strike current delta 27.559 premium showing $24.50. (28 days expiry )

u/TheInkDon1 2· 2 天前

Bit of a drop in SOXX this morning, but you're still in good shape on that 570P at about 34-delta according to ToS.

Have you ever figured out the ROI from your CSPs?

Premium over Strike:

27.599 / 570 = 4.8%

Then since that's over 28 days, and there are 13 28-day periods in a year, if you could do that month after month you'd be making 4.8 x 13 = 62% apy. Not shabby at all.

u/Mysterious_Vast_8889 2· 2 天前

I will calculate from now on. It’s a very good return. Placed order for July 24 550 strike.

u/TheInkDon1 2· 2 天前

You probably know how to, but in general, divide the ROI by DTE, then multiply by 365.

So:

Premium/Strike is ROI

Divide that percentage by DTE to get a per-day percentage rate

Multiply that by 365

Take care.